da http://www.frame-poythress.org/
Poythress_books/GCBI/BG16RefO.htm

The Ogden-Richards triangle
/Gabriele Lucchini, 2007-09-05)

The Ogden-Richards’s triangle offers a model
for the nature of linguistic symbols. ¹
            1 Charles K. Ogden and I. A. Richards,
            The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language
            upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism,
            8th ed.; (New York: Harcourt, Brace &World, 1946),

The original diagram is reproduced below.
>>> l-ogd2.gif

The three principal elements are
‘‘symbol,’’ ‘‘thought or reference,’’ and ‘‘referent.’’
The symbol is a particular phonological or graphical form such as
e l e p h a n t.
The thought or reference is the meaning-content of the form,
namely the idea of an elephant.
The referent is the nonlinguistic thing in the world being talked about
(actual elephants).
Stephen Ullmann prefers to relabel the vertices of the triangle
as ‘‘name,’’‘‘sense,’’ and ‘‘thing,’’ respectively.